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Going to Italy: visible and invisible practices and collaborators among North European travellers to Italian museums in the 1800s
GOING TO ITALY: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE PRACTICES AND COLLABORATORS AMONG NORTH EUROPEAN TRAVELLERS TO ITALIAN MUSEUMS IN THE 1800S
Per Cornell and Tove Hjørungdal
In the second half of the 19th century many of the great archaeologists of Scandinavia and North Europe went to Italy and neighbouring countries to conduct comparative studies at museums and sites.
What was the purpose of their research? Was it to build museums in their own home countries? Or was it to look for cultural links between Italy and Scandinavia? Or was it simply for comparative studies in general? Or something else?
Who were the travellers, and which were their particular reasons for travelling?
What did they do on these journeys, with whom did they meet?
Which explicit influences are possible to observe, and how did they affect and stimulate colleagues and the development of museum work?
The presence of scholars from Scandinavia, practicing prehistoric and protohistoric archaeology in Italy and neighbouring countries in this time period is indeed interesting, and several problems can as shown above be addressed in this connection. One more general question has to do with why there was an interest. Why where these scholars interested in Italy at all? In particular this is intriguing, since there was much less interest among Scandinavian prehistoric archaeologists of the next generations, into the 20th century. Another general question is that of how the national Swede operated in Italy in the latter part of the 19th century, a country in rapid formal transition to the modern Italian state. Was Italy considered an equal by the Scandinavians? How did the Italian scholars think about the Scandinavian archaeologists? Did they interact at all?
Yet another important topic to address is the question of the more invisible collaborators on these great journeys, or “Grand Tours”.
In the famous publications of the great archaeologists we will find remarkably good illustrations of the artefacts studied in museums.
Among the great but rather invisible ones, we can mention for example the illustrators Agda Montelius and Charlotte Undset, wives of two famous scholars, and the importance of “Italian helpers” both scholars, custodians and others.
e-mail: per.cornell@archaeology.gu.se;
tove. hjorungdal@archaeology.gu.se